ABSTRACT
The palpebral conjunctiva lines the inside of the eyelids and the bulbar conjunctiva overlies the sclera, together forming the conjunctival sac. The eye background shows the optic disc, the tapetum lucidum, the tapetum nigrum and loosely arranged vessels. Ultrasonography allows examination of external and internal structures and aids detection of inflammation, neoplasia, abnormal structures and material and disruption of normal features. A cold towel or wrapped ice pack can be gently applied if the ocular region suffered blunt trauma or bruising. The ear lobe is examined for any lacerations or other trauma and swellings. Surgical treatment is rarely required, but is an option if the entropion is severe and persistent. Conjunctival sac foreign bodies are a common ocular problem, leading to marked irritation and potentially corneal ulceration. Blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora and localised or generalised corneal oedema are typically present with ulceration, but often less marked with stromal abscessation. Tarsorrhaphy is a useful first-line option to support corneal healing.
