ABSTRACT
Thinning refers to reduction in thickness from the original thickness of the blank at various cross sections of the components. Thinning is measured from the simulation results of thickness at various cross sections, where it has reduced from the original, and the average reduction in thickness is calculated. Average reduction in thickness is used for analysis of variance. Thickening is the increase in thickness at certain locations in the components due to compressive stresses in circumferential direction. Wrinkling is usually undesired in final sheet metal parts for aesthetic or functional reasons. Wrinkling on the mating surfaces can adversely affect the part assembly and part functions, such as sealing and welding. Thickness variation during deep-drawing is estimated using an upper bound analysis. Springback is a very important factor that influences the quality of sheet metal forming. Press shops endure many metal-forming failures.
