ABSTRACT
Translanguaging is part of the stuff and texture of interaction; it always makes sense as part of some larger activity: a conversation, a lesson, a service encounter. Jakobson’s tripartite taxonomy of translation, mentioned in the last chapter, complicates this linear schema by adding two further vectors: the intralingual and the intersemiotic. Putting translation and translanguaging alongside each other gives rise to duality of time: a horizontal dimension with a forward momentum towards an end, as exemplified by translation; and a vertical dimension that delves into successive moments of interculturality, as exemplified by translanguaging. Perfect translatability need not be the default or only desirable outcome in communication across languages and cultures. There are numerous “living” instances of translanguaging at the levels of morphology and lexis, such as creative and contingent formations of English as used by second or foreign-language speakers.
