ABSTRACT
This chapter provides major rating systems that are applicable to materials, finishes and the built environment at the human scale. The motivations for material selection are shaped by self-interest and empathy. Impact of materials on the environment is one of the main reasons to pursue sustainable materials and products. The manufacturing of products starts with resources extraction depending on the raw material and methods of harvesting or extraction; there can be great disturbances to the ecosystem. The chapter also provides some very general integral theory considerations. The materials that we use at the urban scale need to support the principles of longevity, resilience, and integral sustainable design. Diverting material from landfills is part of integral sustainable design at the site, district, urban, or global scale. The materials and finishes can deeply impact the environment; human health; performance; and the cultural standing of a building, product, or article of clothing.
