ABSTRACT
Principles, though potentially as useful to states as international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in creating a less politically and militarily risky, and more mutually beneficial, space for humanitarian aid to be delivered, had to be correctly explained and understood by government authorities. The securitisation approach was found to be a useful method for understanding the way states interact with INGOs, while the response categories assisted in understanding the choices INGOs had for reacting to state policies and discourse. In a standard context analysis model Medecins Sans Frontieres Holland would establish who the relevant actors were and monitor their discourse and behaviour. The securitisation process can also be looked at from a variety of perspectives, such as starting with the other actors involved, or even with the audience. The expulsions themselves were not outside the law, but did contravene normal expectations of how states engage with INGOs. Humanitarian INGOs would benefit from referencing the theoretical framework in their approach to negotiating access.
