ABSTRACT
The second chapter frames a central concept in the book: participation. I argue that project management is in the midst of a paradigm shift from an efficiency model to a participative approach. To support this argument, I provide examples of efficiency models in project management and explain how these approaches now rely on communicating to gain the participation of teams and stakeholders connected by an organizational network. In this view, efficiency and productivity are outcomes of participation instead of the other way around. Furthermore, the chapter argues that project management is a system and a methodology for working that must be adapted to teams. I end the chapter introducing a participative approach for communicating project management.
