ABSTRACT
Due to the quick spread of market-oriented associations in Turkey, non-neoliberal benevolent organizations occupied a much smaller part of the field when compared to Egypt. Turkey, was strongly redistributive in its international charity. Turkish communitarians were more intensely suspicious of wealth accumulation. They distinguished themselves from other charitable actors through heavy reference not only to Islamic texts, but also to Islamic authorities: they found guidance by a charismatic figure both legitimate and necessary. The poor's rebelliousness was a concern common to Turkish associations across the neoliberal/communitarian divide. The truly distinguishing characteristic of the Turkish field was the emergence of a redistributive Islam. The main activities of redistributive associations revolved around the provision of necessities, citizenship training, and protest activity. On the surface, the further strengthening of Turkish neoliberalism through an incorporation of communitarianism seems to lend support to Foucaultian-Deleuzian theses. However, Foucaultian approaches are ill-equipped to account for the emergence of a redistributive charity and the complications it introduces.
