ABSTRACT
It is commonly held that Marx defined productive labor as labor on the production of material goods. This apparently purely academic proposition has quite far-reaching consequences, one of which is that social production defines, both statistically and in conception, only the material part of production. Property is one of the basic categories in analyzing social phenomena. Capitalism is said to be based on private property, and socialism is based on social property. Individual ownership of means of production, with which the owner himself works, is not only compatible with socialism but is an integral category of the socialist mode of economy. An empirical test of the vertical stratification of Yugoslav society emerges from the study of Vojin Milic. In the horizontal structure of Yugoslav society we can distinguish the following four groups: peasants; other producers for the market; workers in nonmarket occupations; and those in the state apparatus.
