ABSTRACT
There is plenty of evidence that women are frequently the targets of sexist discrimination. They are underrepresented in most powerful positions, underpaid in comparison to men, and, in many parts of the world, have less access than men to education, medical care, and political power. Being the target of sexist comments or actions can be upsetting and stressful: experiencing gender prejudice has been linked to depression, anxiety, lowered self-esteem, and anger. In addition, benevolent attitudes are directed mainly toward women who conform to traditional femininity; women who "break the rules" are not necessarily viewed as meriting chivalry or protection. Benevolent sexism can undermine women's resistance to gender inequality. It can be seen that the media reinforce and strengthen gender stereotypes—a process that can lead indirectly to sexism. Both women and men experience double binds in which the prescriptive stereotype for their gender directly conflicts with the prescriptions for an occupational or social role they are performing.
