ABSTRACT
The first step in disrupting journalism ethics is to disrupt the professional objective model, and to propose an alternative model. This chapter proposes a better conception, holistic or pragmatic objectivity. To employ a dualism is to explain something in terms of two completely different things. In the objective model, two dualisms explain the difference between good and bad practice: the dualism of neutrality versus engagement, and the duality of fact versus interpretation. In the late 1800s, journalism's increased attention to reporting news encouraged an informal, robust empiricism that sent reporters out into the world to chronicle events. Pragmatic holism is pragmatic because it is designed to guide practical professions such as journalism. Impartiality is a stance for responsibly engaged people — professors, referees, journalists, and others. Emotions are viewed as non-cognitive in nature and a threat to correct cognition. "Cognition" refers to psychological capacities, e.g. perception or conceptualization, which helps to apprehend objects in the world.
