ABSTRACT
European politics emerged out of the Late Middle Ages in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. On the eve of the French Revolution, the European interstate system created by the Peace of Westphalia became less stable. After the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the French Revolution of 1789 should probably be considered the most important event for modern European politics. After the Westphalian Peace of 1648 and the French Revolution of 1789, the third major juncture of European politics is the year 1848, when democratic revolutions took place in different European countries and started a pan-continental transition to mass politics. The Russian Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 was certainly one of the most important junctures of European politics. The European recovery programme was devised by US State Secretary George Catlett Marshall in order to help reconstruct the economies of Euro.
