ABSTRACT
This chapter shows that using probabilities in comparing means because this is one of the most common uses for inferential statistics. Researchers make informed decisions using probabilities in the face of uncertainty. By using probabilities, researchers make informed decisions in the face of uncertainty. Either decision about the null hypothesis may be wrong, but by using inferential statistics to make the decisions, researchers are making calculated decisions that are consistent with the probabilities. There is always some probability that the null hypothesis is true, so if a researcher waits for certainty, he or she will never be able to make a decision.
