ABSTRACT
This chapter expands the view towards other participants on the supply side, whether it is for the entire door-to-door trip or for part of the trip. Since integrators are also airlines on their own, they will be covered in more depth than the other participants of the value chain. The chapter deals with a very brief overview of the logistics industry, before focusing on different types of players and, in the end, individual companies. 2PL providers offer their services in a geographically wider area than 1PL companies, using their own assets for transportation, storage and handling as well as employing subcontractors. Examples are airlines, shipping lines, courier services and freight forwarders. The traditional mail services offered by post offices handle mainly letters and small packages, with larger parcels carried by their own parcel offshoots or independent parcel operators. Freight forwarders arrange the best means of transport, using the services of shipping lines, airlines, and road and rail freight operators.
