ABSTRACT

This chapter shows how to spot some of the warning signs of commercial fraud and corruption by presenting three examples of documents. From experience, most people who spend a couple of minutes looking at each document in a situation where they are aware that they should be looking for something related to possible fraud and corruption, will tend to notice some of the red flags (or things they feel they would want to question). Most people spot a few warning signs in just seconds. The accounting and audit professions have tried to define a balanced approach to reviewing information called ‘professional scepticism’ but so far it is the subject of a lot of debate, given the multiple scandals and issues where auditors and others were blamed for not detecting fraud and corruption early enough.