ABSTRACT
Culture is married to politics to an extent that was not visible during the twentieth century and communities are as important as associations in political life in many countries and even more important in a few. Religious cleavages show up in regional party outcomes. The analyses conducted at the macro level have been the broadest in terms of cultural factors covered and the set of outcome variables included. The micro-level analysis, which was very broad in its range, covered a number of different outcomes referring to the political behaviour of citizens. Ethnicity understood as national pride also matters for the micro level. Religion also seems to matter most when there are religious cleavages within a country on a regional basis. Family traditions may also be interpreted as a kind of historical legacy. Family values are one cultural factor whose effect on outcomes is very significant. Culture is one of several factors that explain society and politics.
