![The material basis of ethnic consciousness and politics[sup(4)]](https://images.tandf.co.uk/common/jackets/crclarge/978131518/9781315186887.jpg "The material basis of ethnic consciousness and politics[sup(4)]")
ABSTRACT
The inability of the state to respond to the crisis of economic stagnation or underdevelopment compelled non-bourgeois forces to seek alternative legal and extra-legal means for survival. They turned to churches, mosques, ethnic organizations and so on for their identities and strength.
The material basis of ethnic consciousness and politics4
