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Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans in pre-Roman Italy
DOI link for Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans in pre-Roman Italy
Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans in pre-Roman Italy book
Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans in pre-Roman Italy
DOI link for Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans in pre-Roman Italy
Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans in pre-Roman Italy book
ABSTRACT
The emergence in Italy of complex urban communities and organized states must be seen in the context of developments that began with the collapse of high Bronze Age civilizations in the eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean between 1200 and 1000 b.c.e. By 800 b.c.e., Phoenician traders looking for metals like silver, copper, lead, tin, and iron were active along the west coast of Italy. Phoenician and Greek trade and contact stimulated the growth of both the cluster of native villages that became Rome and the communities that grew into the Etruscan city-states. The early Orientalizing Period of Etruscan civilization in the late eighth and early seventh centuries b.c.e. shows many Near Eastern and Aegean influences in art, jewelry, dress, and weaponry. Etruscan civilization could not have existed without the natural wealth of its territory. The cities identified as Phoenician occupied that part of old Canaanite territory roughly equal to modern Lebanon.