ABSTRACT
Projects are rapidly becoming the way organizations manage change; projects apply not only to work such as large construction or IT initiatives but also to any change initiative aimed at putting a part of a business strategy in place. Most organizations are never short of ideas for improvement. Ideas can come from anywhere within the organization, or even outside, from competitors, customers or suppliers. Some business portfolio or programme managers might have been project managers at some time in their career and have a good understanding of what is entailed and what can go wrong. Many project sponsors and project managers complain of working in a vacuum and therefore have little understanding of, the pressures and issues the organization is facing that might impact their projects. Contractors also need to deal with these issues but realize benefits primarily in the form of payments received for the services provided to other organizations, such as building bridges or developing bespoke software.
