ABSTRACT
The concept of multiculturalism emerged from the civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The term 'multiculturalism' was coined in Canada and became the nation's official policy in 1971. European approaches to multiculturalism operate on different principles and subsequently produce different outcomes. The debate over immigration in the US and the West has shifted to where the immigrants come from, and the focus on domestic multiculturalism has shifted to a globalised 'migrant' culture. The term 'multiculturalism' was coined in Canada and became the nation's official policy in 1971. It gained some popularity in the 1980s and 1990s in other migrant-receiving countries, such as the US, the UK and Australia. In the late 1990s in Australia, politician Pauline Hanson was very popular in leading her One Nation Party's crusade against Asian immigration and multiculturalism in Australia. Although multiculturalism has failed in Europe, it remains strong in Canada and major political parties have no aspiration of abolishing or retreating from multiculturalism.
