ABSTRACT
Institutional mechanisms of the regulatory kind may be associated with government agencies of different types. One might wish to assume that travel demand management (TDM) regulations are promulgated somewhere off in a pure policy vacuum, far from the madding crowd of special interests, key stakeholders, and their representatives. Local travel regulations seem strange, but this is a matter of perception. The interstate commerce clause of the US Constitution prohibits local jurisdictions from interfering in the exchange of trade across state boundaries. Regional TDM approaches are subject to controversy. Regionalists like to proclaim the virtues of regional governance in ali aspects of public life. This includes both long range transportation planning and short range travel behavior modification through public policy decisions. Growth management is an extreme form of pollution control. Growth control is not a first line of defense against air pollution, but may be necessary under extreme circumstances, when ali other methods have failed.
