ABSTRACT
Late in 1901, Lenin began the writing of What Is To Be Done? In many respects, this book represents the first clear expression of 'Leninism'. A blend of Russian revolutionary history and Marxist economics and sociology, the work constituted an original contribution to revolutionary strategy, organization and tactics. Lenin's book was published in March 1902 through an outlet controlled by the tolerant and democratic Struve. In 1902, Kautsky discussed the problem of revolution in a little book which he typically entitled Social Revolution. He conceived of revolution as a socio-political process that was to bring about changes in the respective positions of the various classes. Lenin had debated passionately with those socialists who, expecting progress to come almost exclusively from the economic struggle and unionism, conceived of overall political activity merely as the sum of all local undertakings.
