ABSTRACT
It has been assumed in World Englishes (WE) studies that endonormative or original production models of English are infeasible for varieties of English in the Expanding Circle, or EFL countries. Unlike their counterparts in the Outer Circle, or ESL countries, Englishes in the Expanding Circle have been regarded as exonormative, or reliant on external norms. However, as long as speakers of English in the Expanding Circle are expected to only mimic Anglo-American English, there is little hope for them to be able to express their own voice in international communication. This chapter illustrates an approach to the creative construction of original models of EIL (English as an International Language). A model of Japanese English is discussed as an example, with regard to its phonological, grammatical, lexical, discursive, and sociolinguistic features.
