Viana’s Account of his survey of the Coasts of Pangasinan, Ilocos and Cagayan

Having received the final orders from the Comandante, a wide-ranging passport from the Governor, and the kind letters of introduction from the Very Reverend Provincial Fathers of San Agustín and Santo Domingo, whose friars administer the provinces that I was to pass through, I departed from Manila River at seven o’clock in the morning of 18 April, accompanied by Segundo Piloto Don Gerónimo Delgado and Seaman Gerónimo Arcangel. I carried with me pocket chronometer number 351 by Arnold, which had been rated in Manila, theodolite number 3, a sextant made by Nairne, a marine compass and a log-line. Our route was to take us directly to Arayat, ¹ crossing the bay to the mouth of the Betis River. ²