ABSTRACT
Judgmental validity consists of assessments that are based on professional knowledge. There are two forms of judgmental validity: content validity and face validity. Content validity, as the name suggests, is an assessment of a measure based on the appropriateness of its contents. Content validity is often determined by having participants complete the measure and then having experts analyze the items in the measure and the answers they elicit to determine whether they reflect the concept that the measure was attempting to describe. Although content validity is most closely associated with achievement testing, it is sometimes applied when evaluating other types of measures. For instance, if researchers want to measure the broad construct called self-concept with a series of questions, they could consider sampling from each of the narrower constructs that constitute it, such as physical self-concept, academic self-concept, and social self-concept. Face validity judges whether a measure appears to be valid on the face of it.
