ABSTRACT
The qualitative researcher would pay attention to topics that seem to come up with regularity—that is, the common themes that arise. By contrast, a quantitative researcher would likely begin by reviewing the literature on topics related to organizational effectiveness, leadership, and demoralization in police forces or in other organizations. In a quantitative study, the data will be used to either support or reject the hypotheses as potential explanations for the possible causes and solutions. Both qualitative and quantitative studies will have to decide how many people to include and how to account for meaningful diversity within the department. The criteria in qualitative studies are not as reliant on the analytical requirements of the method, but the results will also be scrutinized for biases, and if it seems that groups were not included, it might limit the usefulness of the results.
