ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on more formalized education. It discusses the formulating test questions for cognitive testing and how Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy can improve questions and cognitive measurements. "A grade is: An inadequate report of an inaccurate judgment by a biased and variable judge of the extent to which a student has attained an undefined level of mastery of an unknown proportion of an indefinite material." To grade a student's knowledge, one has to measure only the knowledge, but to grade activity and sports, one must measure knowledge, fitness, psychomotor skills, the ability to think and adjust quickly to changing circumstances, and, in some cases, teamwork. Teachers of physical education have several options on which to base grades: on performance, participation, effort, or improvement. Weighting scores and using standard scores are two methods for calculating grades. Each method has advantages and disadvantages.
