ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the clinical evaluation and management of 16 different knee and lower-leg pathologies, using a combination of on-field and off-field scenarios presented in a variety of settings with a diverse patient population. The traumatic and overuse injuries presented in the chapter are a mixture of acute and chronic pathologies as well as bony and ligamentous conditions. The main joint of the knee complex is the tibiofemoral joint, a hinge joint that consists of the convex femur joined with the concave tibia. The chapter examines a variety of tibiofemoral, patella, and lower-leg injuries. Some of those injuries may include traumatic injuries such as tibiofemoral joint dislocations or ruptures of collateral ligaments. These types of injuries can compromise the neurovascular structures in the area of the knee complex. Two important structures to keep in mind are the popliteal artery and the sciatic nerve. The popliteal artery is an extension of the femoral artery and passes through the popliteal fossa.
