ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on neglected dimensions of the relations between science and religion and science and theology. It examines reasons for growing faith in innovative measurement techniques and their expansion into an increasing broad range of topical areas. The chapter then explores the extension of scientific techniques into the study of religion. The growing refinements and success of measurement in the physical sciences contributed to optimism about the possibility of measurement of human behaviors and mental processes such as memory, sensory acuity, and intelligence. The chapter also explores the possible role of religion in promoting ingroup cohesion and solidarity along with hostility toward outgroups. Violence of a religious nature is also manifested in fantasies or ideas. Conversion in religious contexts has traditionally been explained in terms of supernatural forces that beckon, directly influence, or even compel radical personality transformations.
