ABSTRACT
A body of evidence-based knowledge is accumulating on how disaster events give rise to mental health disorders, including the abrupt loss of home and neighborhood due to forced displacement, and its cumulative impacts on populations who reside in places repeatedly struck by disasters. Relative to the growing demand, few psychiatrists, specialized social workers, and psychologists are being trained to treat population. Even in relatively wealthy countries with established child and adolescent mental health services, access to care for young persons remains poor. Mental healthcare provides an individual with the acceptance and support necessary for active living, to achieve goals, and to interact with others in ways respectful and just. For aged persons with physical-psychological comorbidity, the built environment and nature in particular can have a positive, therapeutic impact on mental health. By the end of 2016, 4.8 million Middle Eastern refugees alone had fled to Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq, and 6.6 million had been internally displaced within Syria.
