ABSTRACT
This chapter explores some of the general psychological concepts that have particularly practical relevance to learning and teaching. It discusses the psychology of attitudes and attitude change; particular learning techniques such as programmed learning, 'learning for transfer' and techniques for slow learners; and the problems of developing learning policies, whether at the individual level or the level of national curriculum development. The ensuing discussion of Human Learning: Intelligence, Remembering and Motivation referred to larger psychological functions—moreover, functions that are well known to common sense. Although the deterrent of corporal punishment is discredited, all learning systems have alternative deterrents in the shape of disapproval, criticism or exclusion from certain benefits, by teacher, family or community. A further difference between a good piece of programmed learning and most alternative forms of learning is that the learning programme is tried out with a group of the learners for whom it is intended.
