ABSTRACT
This chapter shows how the usual ways of using language can be modified to give special effects in a text. Language provides with a set of resources that we use to encode the messages we wish to convey. Some of these resources are the normal or congruent ways of encoding our messages. Traditional metaphor, which is semantic and lexical in nature, is based on replacing a word, with another word of the same class but with a different meaning. Grammatical metaphors are a rich and powerful resource of the language. The use of grammatical metaphor has two sorts of effect. The first of these is grammatical and syntactic and can affect the way the text is structured. The second relates to meaning and how conceive of it. Grammatical metaphor is the use of a non-congruent form to encode a message. One of the commonest forms of grammatical metaphor is the encoding of a process in nominal rather than verbal form.
