Both direct and indirect speeches are used to convey what somebody has said. Direct speech quotes what was said literally. Indirect, or reported, speech reports what was said but without using the exact words of the speaker. What was said becomes a subordinate clause, usually joined by the conjunction que. In indirect speech a number of transformations take place in the subordinate clause. They can affect: the references to the people involved, that is, personal pronouns, possessive forms and the person of the verb form; time references, that is, verb tenses, adverbs or phrases of time; and place references, that is, demonstratives, adverbs or phrases of place. If the main verb is in a present tense, the perfect or a future tense there is no change in the tense of the verb when it becomes a subordinate verb, unless it is an imperative; the imperative changes to the present subjunctive.