ABSTRACT
This chapter summarises problems caused by infection and describes some problem organisms, and suggests key strategies that can help reduce incidence of infection. Infection can be: endogenous or exogenous. Infection is caused by bacteria and fungi. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common healthcare-associated infections in intensive care unit, occurring in up to one quarter of patients and increasing mortality risk by 14%. Invasive cannulae cause one third of healthcare-associated infections, with central lines remaining the single main cause of nosocomial septicaemia. Airborne infection is significantly reduced by use of in-line suction catheters. Infection prevention and control are important in all clinical areas, but the physiological vulnerability of critical illness places intensive care unit patients at especially high risk of, and from, infection. Hand hygiene remains the most important way to prevent infection. Hygiene is helped by adequate and appropriate facilities, including accessible alcohol handrubs, aprons and unit guidelines/protocols.
