ABSTRACT
Iftheyhavebeensuccessful,theprecedingchaptershaverefutedthreeobjections totheideaofaZenBuddhistenvironmentalethic:1)thechargethatZenisamoral; 2)theaccusationthatZenisinherentlyanthropocentric;and3)thechargethatZen cannotdojusticetotheintrinsicvalueofnature.Insodoing,anaccountofour moralrelationswithnaturehasslowlycomeintofocus,onecentredonthe developmentofseveralvirtues:insightintoemptiness;theempathywhichallows onetoidentifywithanotherbeing;theselflessnesswhichenablesonetoseethe worldclearly,andthecompassion,non-violenceandgentlenesswithwhichthese virtuesareinextricablylinked.Ihavearguedthatsomeonewhohaddeveloped thesecharactertraitswouldbeinclinedtotreatthingsashavingintrinsic(i.e.,noninstrumental)value.
