‘The Limits of International Law: Efforts to Enforce Rulings of the International Court of Justice in U.S. Death Penalty Cases’, Syracuse Law Review, 62, pp. 183–97

I worry a great deal about Americans who may be overseas, whose rights are violated under an international treaty, and who, and the country that makes the decision as to what happens because of those rights being violated is the same one who violated those rights. We have many Americans overseas whose lives are in jeopardy as we speak, and that is one very important reason for my vote today.51 The Board’s vote, however, was simply a recommendation to the

There is no question that this Court is bound by the Vienna Convention and Optional Protocol. . . . At its simplest, this is a matter of contract. A treaty is a contract between sovereigns. The notion that contracts must be enforceable against those who enter into them is fundamental to the Rule of Law.56