ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the author distinguishes between models of citizenship that illustrates the development of the concept through different historical periods in order to discern the different symbolic practices of citizenship within different societal systems. Each of these models will study citizenship's means in relation to both citizens and non-citizens. The author describes the degree to which societal circumstances transform the priority of citizenship'. She discusses the different conceptualisations of citizenship in four community models emphasising the shift from the nation-state to the European Union model. The various models of citizenship throughout history have had different defining goals and powers. From citizenship point, the notion of the passive citizen, as opposed to the active citizen, becomes the new norm of political reality. The greatest political innovation of the ancient Greeks was the establishment in the late eighth and early seventh centuries BC of the city-state.
