ABSTRACT
This chapter describes new developments and fills the gaps in literature addressing regional efforts to control land-based sources of marine pollution (LBSMP). It analyses regional approaches and comments on developments to control LBSMP. By introducing a system for prioritisation and risk assessment, it adopted new strategies on specific LBSMP problems including hazardous substances and eutrophication. The chapter explores the legal and institutional developments in different regions of the world's oceans. It also identifies the weaknesses of regional approaches. All these arrangements are examined with a view to assessing what progress has been made to achieve the goal of LBSMP control under regional framework. The program has created an institutional framework to combat all forms of marine pollution, including LBSMP at regional levels. The directive mainly focuses on land-based pollution as it excludes from its scope 'discharge of dredging', 'operational discharges from ships in territorial waters', and dumping from ships in territorial waters'.
