Richard C. Eichenberg (2003), 'Gender Differences in Public Attitudes toward the Use of Force by the United States, 1990-2003', International Security, 28, pp. 110-41.

Less than ten years later, as NATO warplanes continued their attacks against Serbia, the Christian Science Monitor reported that the gender difference in public opinion concerning the war over Kosovo was far smaller than it had been in previous wars: "As debate persists in America over how much to use force,

fewer women are' doves."'2 After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the Council on Foreign Relations conducted a survey on defense issues and reported that "women's opinion on defense policies has been transformed" because their views of defense spending and missile defense (among other issues) now closely resembled those of men.3