ABSTRACT
This chapter examines Marxist theories in more detail. Marxism is still the official doctrine in many countries, including China, but was cruelly abused during the Cultural Revolution. This theoretical examination starts with some basic concepts of Marxism such as class struggle and dictatorship theory and how these concepts were developed and abused – as, for example, in the socialist legality theory developed in Russia. I will also look at some more recent theories along this line in China, such as the four cardinal principles and the notion of stability (at the expense of basic human rights), and how these have justified unlimited power being placed in the hands of a privileged group in society.
