There have been many claims for early designs for reinforced concrete during the nineteenth century, of which only a few are justified; on the other hand, some experiments with reinforcement in Brit::~.in have remained little known, such as those by Stuart's Granolithic Co. of Edinburgh in the early 1890s. While W. B. Wilkinson's Newcastle patent of the 1850s remains the earliest ascertained invention of reinforced concrete in the UK, and perhaps anywhere, T. F. Tyerman in Middlesex may have been studying reinforced concrete at the same time, and he filed a patent for bonding metal in concrete before this was included in Wilkinson's own patent. Subsequent inventions in Britain did not improve substantially on Wilkinson's until the early 1890s, with the addition of shear reinforcement in beams, patented in Britain by Franc;ois Hennebique in 1892.