On 28 December 1978 a United Airlines DC-8, Flight 173, crashed into woodland near Portland, Oregon. The subsequent NTSB accident report cited poor communication within the flight crew as a causal factor. And so a new industry was born: Crew Resource Management (CRM) training. Of course, the idea did not burst fully-fledged onto the scene. An earlier accident in which an aircraft crashed on take-off because the crew had failed to select flaps had prompted discussions between the F AA and the US aviation industry. This, in turn, led to the framing of new training requirements.