ABSTRACT
A theory is a unified explanation for discrete observations that might otherwise be viewed as unrelated or contradictory. For instance, some tenets of expectancy theory are described in this example: Example
The basic tenet of expectancy theory suggests that individuals behave in ways that are selfserving .... According to the theory, the motivation to behave in certain ways is influenced by three factors. First is "instrumentality," which refers to the belief that change in behavior will result in self-serving outcomes. The stronger the belief, the more likely the behavior will change. Second is "valance," which refers to the value placed on the outcome. The more valued the outcome, the more likely it is that behavior will change. Third is "expectancy," which refers to the belief that exerting effort will lead to change.!
