ABSTRACT
Extended periods of cold stress may cause harmful 45 side effects such as increased oxygen consumption, and
this can lead to acidosis and hypoglycemia, a fall in blood pressure, decreased plasma volume and cardiac output, and increased peripheral resistances (Knobel & Holditch-Davis, 2007). Hypothermia also may cause
50 coagulation defects, delayed readjustment from fetal to newborn circulation (McCall, Alderdice, Halliday, Jenkins, & Vohra, 2008). After birth, there is a rise in the newborn's temperature due to the increase in metabolic rate (Christensson et al., 1992), but most cooling
55 occurs in the first 10-20 minutes after birth (WHO, 1997).
