ABSTRACT
There are different types of valves, some with a universal design and some tailor-made for a specific application. As the purpose of most flow meters in process automation is to control production speed, level, temperature, pressure or the flow itself, control valves are very often found near flow meters. The most common pump type is the centrifugal pump. When it comes to measurements, some pumps will create problems for a downstream flow meter, resulting in disturbances on the flow signal. Head is a concept used for pumps. It is a combination of pressure and density of the fluid pumped, and it will tell you how high the pump can lift a fluid. On pipe fittings, there are three commonly used thread types: National Pipe Thread (NPT), British Standard Pipe Thread (BSPT) and British Standard Parallel Pipe (BSPP). Food and biochemical-type connections are made of hygienic and polished stainless steel with seals and O-rings designed to protect from bacteria forming.
