ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews organization-level competencies—scanning the environment, strategic planning, articulating the mission and vision, networking and partnering, performing general management functions, decision-making, and managing organizational change. Environmental scanning provides leaders at all levels with fresh ideas, enhances credibility, and ensures vigilance with regard to unexpected events. Strategic planning is related to but can be distinguished from operations planning, personnel planning, environmental scanning, and decision-making. Networking and partnering are related, in particular, to environmental scanning, delegating, consulting, and motivating. General management functions focus on the technical expertise needed to administer human resources, finance, and information technology. Decision-making denotes a substantial thought process, with the generation of alternatives and the selection of the most favorable one affecting policy or substantial numbers of people. Organizational change is highly related to managing innovation and creativity and to personnel change.
