ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes how developments during the early twentieth century set the stage for the emergence of technoscience. It explains the relationship that arose between science, technology and the military during the twentieth century led to two important developments that helped to the shape the formulation of technoscience. The chapter examines that the interdependence between science and technology that emerged during the second half of the nineteenth century was strongly shaped by the growth of industrialization, especially the rise of industrial research laboratories in the chemical industries and the electrical industries. Germany, with its extensive chemical industry which had established a close relationship between academic chemists, the government and the military, had some advantage over the Allies in the research and development of high explosives. The most notorious chemical weapon developed by the Germans in World War I was dichlorodiethylsulfide, commonly known as mustard gas because of its odor.
