ABSTRACT
This chapter offers policy conclusions that relate to the management of non-proliferation: the need for a rule-based system, effective negotiations and negotiators who have faced similar problems as the target country. It summarizes the European Union (EU) experience in coordinating the Iran negotiations. The chapter provides a platform for the EU's future role in non-proliferation. It explores concrete challenges to the EU as a non-proliferation actor. The nuclear non-proliferation regime, particularly the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), has been muddling through for almost five decades. The EU's main goal in initiating negotiations with Iran was to create an alternative to the US military intervention in Iraq. Effective multilateralism instead of unilateral military action was the strategic objective of the EU Security Strategy of 2003. This was in line with the EU's understanding of itself as a foreign policy actor a civilian soft power promoting respect for international rules and norms.
