ABSTRACT
An extensive literature review demonstrates that citizen journalism scholarship has exponentially grown largely due to technological advancement, especially since the rise of the Internet in the mid-1990s. Citizen journalism practice occurs across a wide array of digital communication venues, including not only local news sites but also social network sites and mobile devices. This chapter shows that scholarship on citizen journalism with its causes, components, and consequences. Adapting the three-level model of media system and community integration, it aims to construct citizen journalism scholarship at multiple levels across causes, components, and consequences. The multilevel approach to citizen journalism inevitably involves diverse social agents, community organizations, and societal institutions. Citizen journalism scholarship has strived to identify who citizen journalists are and what they do. The micro-level citizen journalism scholarship spotlights why citizens participate in citizen journalism practices or what motivates citizens to engage in citizen journalism activities.
