ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the stigmatization of queer men. First, the Queer Men Stigma Scale is examined. Second, Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) is utilized to explore the relationships among the Queer Men Stigma Scale, the Hetero-cis-normativity Scale (HCN Scale), gender, sexuality, additional gender/sexuality, race/ethnicity, and basic needs. Third, queer men’s experiences with gender- and sexuality-based discrimination, harassment, and violence (DHV) are investigated. In line with the three tenets and hypotheses derived from NCST, there are six patterns found in this chapter: (1) sex-act related stigma is a driving force in the stigmatization of queer men for both hetero-cis and LGBTQ people, especially the damaging perspectives that queer men are too sexual—however, discomfort with queer men’s sex acts with men are also quite concerning for hetero-cis people; (2) for both hetero-cis and LGBTQ people, there is strong support for the stigmatizing belief that queer men are not masculine enough; (3) hetero-cis-normativity is positively related to queer men stigma for both subsamples—however, the interaction effects between the HCN Scale and social power axes that moderate these relationships differ for the hetero-cis and LGBTQ subsamples; (4) individual social power axes are significantly related to queer men stigma for both subsamples—however, the interaction effects between the social power axes that moderate these relationships differ for the hetero-cis and LGBTQ subsamples. In addition, there are more significant interaction effects between the social power axes for the LGBTQ subsample than there are for the hetero-cis subsample; (5) queer men experience extremely high levels of gender- and sexuality-based DHV in comparison nearly all other groups; (6) queer men’s intersecting experiences with social power (gay, SGL, and White identities) are significantly related to the likelihood of gender-based DHV—however, being a queer man is not significantly related to the likelihood of sexuality-based DHV.
