ABSTRACT
In this chapter, I first define hetero-cis-normativity as the system of norms, privilege, and oppression that situates heterosexual cisgender people above all others and thus, places LGBTQ people in a place of systemic disadvantage. Then, I identify hetero-cis-normativity as the overarching theoretical concept that secures the cultural devaluation of LGBTQ people. Next, I outline the relationships between hetero-cis-normativity, power, and the spectrum of stigma. Then, I introduce how axes of social power, including race, ethnicity, and social class, relate to LGBTQ stigma and create a hierarchy of non-stigmatized norm followers and stigmatized norm violators which is organized by social power. Specifically, I interrogate three norms common in the West that inform these relationships: “gay equals White,” “trans equals White,” and “gay equals rich.” Following this, I consider the sexualization processes involved in LGBTQ stigma, objectification, and victimization, as they relate to stereotypes about LGBTQ sex, relationships, and bodies. Finally, I revisit the importance of Norm-Centered Sigma Theory (NCST) in understanding LGBTQ stigma. Overall, this chapter connects LGBTQ stigma and prejudice with hetero-cis-normativity by situating their social constructions within a discussion of social power informed by an intersectional perspective.
